Types of private investigators and the services they offer

Unlike what you see on TV, not all private investigators handle the same types of cases. In fact, many specialize in a particular kind of work, and understanding the different types of private investigators can help you choose the right professional for your specific needs. Whether that involves tracking down missing persons, conducting surveillance in custody disputes, or assisting attorneys in building strong legal cases, each PI specialization requires different skills and approaches.
When determining who to hire, it's helpful to understand the scope of private investigators' work and the various roles they play in different types of cases.
Below, we break down several types of private investigators and what each one typically handles.
Common types of private investigators
Domestic and personal investigators
These private investigators handle some of the most sensitive and emotionally charged cases. People often turn to domestic investigators when they suspect infidelity, need to document a cohabitation situation, or want more information during a divorce or custody battle. Sometimes, clients are simply looking for peace of mind whether that involves checking on an elderly parent's well-being or verifying what a teenager is doing after school.
Domestic work often involves discreet surveillance, background checks, and detailed reporting. This kind of investigator needs not just technical skills, but also a great deal of empathy. Many private investigators in this category have work experience in family law or child custody cases. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, private investigators often specialize in particular types of cases to develop deeper expertise.
Legal support investigators
Attorneys often rely on private investigators to support their cases with actionable, documented evidence. A legal investigator might locate and interview witnesses, conduct asset searches, perform deep background checks, or uncover inconsistencies in testimony. Their findings can be crucial in both civil and criminal matters, particularly when supporting criminal defense attorneys or investigating criminal cases that require additional documentation.
Unlike what you see on TV, this kind of private investigation work is often slow and methodical. It's about gathering reliable facts that will hold up in court, not dramatic revelations. Legal investigators are detail-oriented and familiar with the legal system, often working closely with attorneys to ensure nothing is missed.
Missing person investigators
When someone disappears whether it's intentional or not a missing person investigator may be able to help. While law enforcement handles many missing person cases, there are situations where private investigators are better positioned to act. For example, locating estranged family members, tracking down debtors, or following leads that don't meet the threshold for a police investigation.
These cases often require a combination of digital research, personal outreach, and creative problem-solving. Sometimes the goal is reunion; other times, it's resolution. These private investigations often fill the gaps left by law enforcement, particularly in non-criminal matters.
Corporate and workplace investigators
Businesses sometimes face internal issues that require a quiet and professional investigation. From employee misconduct and theft to non-compete violations or harassment claims, corporate investigators can help uncover what's happening behind the scenes.
These professionals typically work closely with HR departments, legal teams, or business owners to conduct interviews, gather internal documentation, and, when appropriate, engage in undercover investigations. They also review digital activity and gather internal documentation. The goal is to protect the company's integrity and sometimes, its legal standing.
Insurance fraud investigators
When an insurance claim doesn't quite add up, private investigators may be brought in to take a closer look. This is common in cases involving personal injury, property damage, or disability claims. Investigators may conduct surveillance, photograph activity, and check for discrepancies between a person's claim and their actual behavior.
This type of insurance fraud investigation often requires patience, attention to detail, and a firm understanding of privacy laws. The findings can have a significant impact on the outcome of a claim.
Social media and digital investigators
The internet holds more information than most people realize. Digital investigators specialize in finding and analyzing that information. Whether it's verifying the legitimacy of an online identity, collecting evidence of online harassment, or uncovering digital breadcrumbs in a legal case, this kind of investigator focuses on what people say and do online.
Social media profiles, dating apps, public transactions, and even review sites can all reveal valuable insights, sometimes even playing a role in fraud investigations or identity theft cases. These investigations often complement other types of work, especially in domestic and legal cases.

How to choose the right type of private investigator for your case
Still not sure which category your situation fits into? Here's a quick way to think about it:
- Need answers in a family or relationship situation? A domestic investigator is your best starting point.
- Building a legal case or preparing for court? Look for someone with experience in legal support.
- Trying to find someone who's disappeared or avoiding contact? A missing person investigator may be able to help.
- Concerned about fraud, misconduct, or workplace issues? Corporate or insurance investigators are trained to handle those cases.
- Facing online threats or need help verifying digital information? A digital or social media investigator could be the right fit.
You don't have to figure it all out on your own many private investigators offer initial consultations to help clarify your needs. A reputable investigator will guide you through the options and point you in the right direction. For detailed information about investigative services, explore our comprehensive guide on what private investigators do.
Frequently asked questions about choosing investigator types
Q: Can one investigator handle multiple types of cases? A: Yes, many experienced investigators work across different specializations, though most have areas of particular expertise. During your consultation, ask about their experience with cases similar to yours.
Q: How do I know if I need a specialized investigator? A: Consider the complexity and specific requirements of your case. For straightforward matters, a general investigator may suffice. For highly technical or sensitive cases, a specialist is often worth the investment.
Q: What should I ask during an initial consultation? A: Ask about their experience with your type of case, their approach, estimated timeline, costs, and what results you can realistically expect.
Q: Do different types of private investigators cost different amounts? A: Yes, rates can vary based on specialization, complexity, and required expertise. Digital investigators and legal support specialists may charge different rates than domestic investigators.
Q: Do private investigators need special licensing? A: Yes, most states require private investigators to be licensed. In North Carolina, investigators must meet specific requirements and maintain their licenses through continuing education. You can verify licensing through the North Carolina Private Protective Services Board.

Finding clarity through the proper support
Choosing the right investigator isn't always easy, especially if you're unfamiliar with the field of private investigations. But understanding your options and knowing that there are professionals who specialize in the kind of help you need can make the process feel significantly less overwhelming.
The different types of private investigators each bring unique skills and experience to their specialized areas. Whether you need domestic surveillance, legal support, missing person location, corporate investigation, insurance fraud detection, or digital investigation services, matching your needs with the right investigator type is crucial for success.
At Davis & Forest Investigative Group, we specialize in discreet, results-oriented investigations for individuals, law firms, local municipalities, and small businesses across North Carolina. Our work encompasses legal support, domestic cases, background investigations, and additional services. If we're not the right fit for your case, we're happy to refer you to someone who is.
We believe every case deserves attention, respect, and clear communication. If you're not sure what kind of investigator you need, we're here to help you figure that out, judgment-free. Don't let uncertainty keep you from getting the answers you need. Contact us to start a conversation today and take the first step toward resolution.
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